Elastic-fluid turbine.



O. A. WIBERG. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLlCATlON man JAN-15. 1911.

Patented Apr. 24,1917.

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OSCAR ANTON 'ili/IBERG, fil FEIISPGE IG,

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE,

Application filed January 15, 391.7.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that 1, Oscar. rixrox ll' nnznu, a subject of the King of Sweden, residing at FlDSPOH Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lllastic- Fliud Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to radial flow elastic fluid turbines and specifically to that type heretofore invented by me and covered by United States Patent No. LQOQJEES, issued October 24,1910 Briefly the turbine shown in said patent comprises a s stem of blades through which the mo tive fluid flows outward in a radial direction, and a second. system of blades through which the motive fluid flows axially, generally in two multiple paths to the exhaust outlet, there being a-defiector which directs the motive fluid in its passage. The radial flow system comprises sets of blades and carrying members therefor that rotate in opposite directions, and the axial flow system comprises sets of stationary fluid directing means and sets of blades which rotate in opposite directions, the latter being carried by the same members which carry the blades of the radial flow system.

As shown in the patent, the diameter of the outer blades of the radial flow system is substantially the same as that oi the inner ends oi the stationary directing means or guide blades of the axial flow system. i

have found that'with the parts arranged as described, the motive fluid which possesses considerable residual velocity on leaving the radial flow system, has a tendency. due to this residual velocity, to flow directly outand shunt those portions of the stationary and moving blades of the a? l fiow system nearest the radia flow system. As a result of this the effective action of the blades is decreased with a corresponding loss in economy.

I have discovered that it the motive fluid leaving the radial flow system is caused to give up its residual velocity wholly, or in large part, the objectionable shunting of the inner ends of the axial flow system will be avoided and the efficiency of the turbine substantially improved.

In carrying out my invention I provide an annular chamber between the two systems -4 diffuser in which the residual velocity of the motive fluid is converted into pressure.

Specification of Letters Patent.

s ize and character that it acts as a Patented Apr, 2st,

Serial No. l ltdifi'ii.

of this the motive fluid, instead of rushing past the inner ends 01 the axial flow system to the deflector, will flow smoothly and uniformly through the spaces bet-ween the stationary directing blades or devices, and thence act effectively the cooperating rotating blades.

in the accoumazr'ing drawing is shown 0116 of the embodiments of my invention, said drawing being a partial axial section oi a turbine.

o designates a part of the turbine casing which incloses the working parts and is con- .nccted as usual to a suitable exhaust conduit, not shown. In the casing are rotors l) and 0 arranged to revolve in opposite directions, the shafts for which are omitted from the drawing Mounted on the rotors are concentric rings of blades (I and 0 through which the motive fluid flows outward in a generally radialdirection. The blades are divided into relatively short lengths between which are strengthening rings 0 of suitable materiah The rotors are provided with enlarged rims Z in which the blades f and g of the axial flow system are suitably mounted. The rims are connected to the main bodyof the disks by portions m which gradually decrease in thickness toward the rims to give the proper radial stresses therein.

The stationary their outer ends in its a result blades are mounted at a ring l: which is generally V-shaped in cross-section, Its side walls are curved to form a deflector so as to assist in directing the fluid from the radial to the axial system. The inner ends of the bladesarc secured in rings n which form the side walls of the ditl'user chamber 7). The inner surface of each ring n is bored or turned slightly larger than the annular projection g on the rotors 7) and c'so that when in operation there will only be a small clearance through which the motive fluid can escape. The outer diameters of the rings n are slightly greater than the root diameter of the rows of blades f and y] and are suitably shapcd to assist in directing the motive fluid. The opposite ends of the ring is may, if desired, overhang the outer ends of the rotating blades and g to form a cover therefor and prevent loss by leakages. To this end it is desirable to extend th ends of the rotating blade somew. yond the corresponding er of the ary blades, as shown.

found by The inner boundary or lnlet of the diffuser chamber 11 is defined by the outer ring of blades 0, and its sides by the rings 'n. The outlet of the chamber is defined by a cylinder; whose diameter corresponds to that of said rings, although to a certain extent the spaces on opposite sides of the deflector may be considered as a part thereof. The outlet should be enough larger than the inlet to cause the residual velocity of the fluid leaving the blades to be gradually con erted into pressure so that the motive fluid instead of shunting the inner portions of the blades of the axial flow system will flow smoothly and uniformly through the blar es spaces, thereby acting efiectively on said blades throughout their length. I have actual experience if the distance bet een the outer blade rings 6 and the outer diameter of the rings a is equal to from three to five times the-width of the outer blades that satisfactory results will be obtained.

Another advantage of my improved construetion resides in the fact that, the enlargement of the rotor, the not have to be so long as in the prior construction to afford the necessary space for tlu low pressure motive fluid. Further, the inrreased diameter of the rotor results in a hi .rher relative speed of the blades of the axial system and hence the effective action thereof is improved.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown'is only illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States,is 1. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of members. which rotate in opposite direction and have concentric rows 0 blades through which the motive fluid flows radially outward, an axial flow system of lar er diameter than the radial flow system which comprises stationary blades and blades that rotate with said members, and an annular diffuser chamber which surrounds the radial flow system, has a smaller inlet than outlet and Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each,

.means and to the rotating blades 'in concentric rows is located between said systems, the said chamber acting to reduce the residual velocity of the exhaust as it flows from one system to the other.

2. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a radial flow blade system, a pair of members which carry the blades of said system and rotate in opposite directions, each of said members having an enlarged rim, an axial flow system comprising stationary fluid directing means and rotating blades carried by said rims, and an annular diffuser chamber which is situated between said enlarged rims, receives the motive fluid exhausting from the radial blade system and after decreasing its residual velocity delivers it to said stationary directing on said rims.

In an elastic fluid turbiiie, the combination of a radial flow blade system, a pair of members which carry the blades of said system and rotate in opposite directions, each of said members having an enlarged rim, an axial flow blade system comprising rows of stationary and rotating blades -which surround the radial flow system,

rings to which the inner ends of the stationary blades are attached, said rings being located between said members, and an annular diffuser chamber located between the rings which enlarges from its inlet to its outlet by an amount sufficient to reduce the residual velocity of the motive fluid received from the radial system, said chamber delivering fluid in multiple to said rows of stationary blades.

4. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of axially extending blades arranged and through which the from the axis outwardly, radially extending stationary and rotating blades which surround the axial blades and through which the motive fluid flows axially, the inner ends of the stationary radial blades being separated from the axial blades by a distance equal to at least three times the width of the outer row of axial blades to form a chamber, and means for directing the motive fluid into said stationary blades.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

OSCAR ANTON \VIBERG.

Witnesses:

Gusrxr JANSSON, Fnrrz E. HALLIN.

motive fluid flows by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C." 

